Aysha Saeed, Dr. Naeem Qaiser Al-Azhari, and Rubab fatma. “بعثتِ نبوی سے قبل عرب معاشرت اور قبائلی نظام: مذہبی، سماجی، سیاسی، معاشی اور اخلاقی اثرات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ: This Version Adds More Fluidity to the Title While Keeping the Focus on the Analytical Study of the Key Aspects of Pre-Islamic Arab Society and the Tribal System”. International Research Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies 4, no. 2 (September 25, 2024): 289–300. Accessed December 14, 2025. https://irjais.com/index.php/irjais/article/view/299.