Aysha Saeed, Dr. Naeem Qaiser Al-Azhari and Rubab fatma (2024) “بعثتِ نبوی سے قبل عرب معاشرت اور قبائلی نظام: مذہبی، سماجی، سیاسی، معاشی اور اخلاقی اثرات کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ: This version adds more fluidity to the title while keeping the focus on the analytical study of the key aspects of pre-Islamic Arab society and the tribal system”., International Research Journal of Arabic and Islamic Studies, 4(2), pp. 289–300. Available at: https://irjais.com/index.php/irjais/article/view/299 (Accessed: 14 December 2025).